(1887), Campanularius semiglobatus Murrill (1911), Panaeolus semiglobatus (Murrill) Sacc. Even more serious problems, such convulsions or permanent psychological harm are possible, but very rare. No veil.Gills: Present and attached to stem; tightly packed; gray becoming black as spores develop.Stem: up to 12cm in height; thin 2-4mm thick; long and slender; bruises blue; colored pale yellow or gray or pink-tinged.Smell: Floury or starch-like.Taste: Floury or starch-like.Spores: Elliptical and smooth.Spore color: Dark purple or black.Edibility: Edible but psychoactive.Habitat: Grows scattered or clustered in dung and grasslands fertilized by grazing animals. Cap: 13 cm in diameter, hemispherical to conical when young, later more flattened, but often with a low central bump. (First two pictures). While the lawnmower's mushroom is not highly toxic, some of its look-alikes are dangerous if eaten, especially to children and pets. If an edible species somewhere has a toxic look-alike, chances are the look-alike is a cort [iv]. Panaeolus cyanescens is hallocinogenic where P.Antillarum is not. We are pillars of society. General Mushroom Discussion Wild , Panaeolus Cyanescens: The Psychedelic Blue Meanies Mushroom, Panaeolus fimicola: The Ultimate Mushroom Guide, Panaeolus cinctulus or panaeolus foenisecii? 1.55.5 cm (582+18 in), hemispherical to convex when young to broadly umbonate or plane in age, smooth, hygrophanous, striking cinnamon-brown when moist, soot-black when wet which disappears as the mushroom completely dries out. The following is a list of the about 98 Panaeolus mushroom species: [1] Panaeolus cinctulus. Qul. Because unpleasant side-effects become more likely at higher doses, its always better to err on the side of taking too little rather than taking too much. Lawnmower's mushroom10, sketch by Oluna Ceska showing the habit, warty spores with a small pore at one end, and the elongate or bottle-shaped sterile cells that give gill edges their light colour. Hi guys ive been a long time lurker from the /shrooms and im looking to be apart of this community. Panaeolus affinis. For that reason, I would like to share a company with you that in my opinion makes the best mushroom products on the market. panaeolus cinctulus look alike. Overdoses are rarely if ever fatal. While some online trip reports might make claims of different subjective effects, given the powerful impact of set and setting in any psychedelic experience, its hard to separate the effects of different species, especially considering that no two mushroom trips are ever the same. Scientific classification: Class: Agaricomycetes; Order: Agaricales; Family: Bolbitiaceae; Genus: Panaeolus & Species: cyanescens. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. No clinically relevant effects in children after accidental ingestion of. Agaricus cinctulus Bolton (1791)Coprinus cinctulus (Bolton) Gray (1821)Agaricus fimicola var. Sine experientia nihil sufficienter sciri potest -Roger Bacon, http://urbanmushrooms.com/index.php?id=42, Visual diagram for the administration of dimethyltryptamine, Visual diagram for the administration of ayahuasca, http://www.mushroomexper/agrocybe_pediades.html, https://www.erowid.org/eiences/exp.php?ID=93696, https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/h8876. One species, F. velutipes[v], is a well-known, highly-prized edible, better known by its Japanese name, Enoki. 4-5 cm broad at maturity. 5-7grms is what I would recommend though since the grass picked specimens are usually weaker than the dung collected ones. Bruises blue. & Broome (1861)Panaeolus subbalteatus (Berk. I recently became interested in hunting shrooms, instead of growing them myself, and I came across a post that said Panaeolus cinctulus is common in well fertilized lawns in the midwest (I'm in the midwest, and I do use fertilizer). 13.5 cm; widely conical or bell-shaped, becoming convex or nearly flat; bald; hygrophanous; dark brown, changing to pale grayish brown, tan, or buffor with bands of these shades when in the process of drying out; often splitting radially with old age; the margin becoming finely lined. Sometimes bruising bluish at the base. 50-60 mm long by 2-4 mm thick. (1916)Panaeolus venenosus Murrill (1916)Psilocybe vernalis Velen. Edges are pale. Stem: Proportionately medium-length and thin. Other names: Banded Mottlegill, Weed Panaeolus, Subbs. Mushroom farmers had to weed it out from the edible mushrooms because of its hallucinogenic properties. They have a resemblance to Panaeolus fimicola, and prefer the same habitats, but the latter species has sulphidia on the gill faces. Regardless, it will cause hallucinations. Mushrooms tend to have a bitter farmy taste isnt very pleasant. 210 cm long, 29 mm thick, equal or tapered at the ends, reddish-brown to whitish, pruinose, hollow, no veil remnants, longitudinally white-fibrillose and white-powdered, striate at the apex or twisting vertically down the entire length of the stipe, Stem base and mycelium occasionally staining blue. he lady referred to as Mrs. Y., who also ate the mushrooms, is his niece by marriage. The products recommended on healing-mushrooms.net are not verified by the FDA to treat, cure or prevent any disease. Ring or veil: None. Panaeolus cinctulus bruising can appear at the base of the mushroom, but the stems are often too dark in color to reveal any obvious bruising. Panaeolus albellus. Many that have consumed Panaeolus cyanescens have described having spiritual experiences. I'm almost positive they are P.cinctulus, although I'm not really sure how difficult it would be to identify one compared to, say, P. acuminatus, or another similar Panaeolus. That is, while psilocybin use does have its risks (see note on Toxicity), dangerous reactions are rare. Many personal, spiritual, and medicinal benefits are claimed for psilocybin, and some preliminary research suggests at least some of the claims may be correct. heya, are these also called Hawaiians? Drosophila foenisecii (Pers.) As such, it's always important to double-check your identification of this mushroom before consuming it: There are a lot of little brown mushrooms out there. The difference is that the spores of Pholiotina rugosa are a rusty orange to brown in comparison to the dark purple or black spores of Panaeolus cyanescens. Due to the number of deadly similar-looking fungi, it is advisable to seek advice from a professional mycologist. most :lol: theyre known as "LBM's" or Little Brown Mushrooms. Be sure to double and triple check your identifications before consuming mushrooms that could be psychedelic, because they often have poisonous look-alikes. They are particularly fond of nutrient-rich areas, especially where livestock graze, as they grow on dung. Pileipellis cellular/hymeniform; hyaline to brownish in KOH. I have been finding Pan foes/cincts all over this year because of rather consistent rain, but I'm getting weak prints, and after they dry a bit they lose some distinguishing characteristics and I feel more reluctant to eat them. For the past 4 years I have been harvesting these. Though the subjective effects of magic mushrooms may be shaped by the relative concentrations of different alkaloids, you can expect that a trip on P. cinctulus will share many of the similar features, like those felt from a more commonly available species like Psilocybe cubensis. Panaeolus subalteatus Also known as: Panaeolus cinctulus Belted Panaeolus, banded mottlegill Order Agaricales, Family Psathyrellaceae CAP WITH DARK ZONE RINGING CAP EDGE Cap: 2-3.5 cm wide; broadly convex to plane; brownish with dark ring forming about one cm before the cap edge GILLS FIRST LIGHT THEN BLACKISH BROWN One exception would be the striations that run from the margin to damn near (if not all the way) to the center of the cap. The Shroomery 3 Pileus (cap): 4-5 cm broad at maturity. 12 x 8 m, smooth, ellipitic-citriform, thick-walled. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Picture of some samples I gathered this morning Panaeolus cinctulus and Panaeolina foenisecii harvest and discussion. Mushroom Dosage: What Is the Right Amount of Shrooms? Like many other Panaeolus species, P. cinctulus are considered challenging to grow compared to easier to cultivate species like P. cubensis. Gill edges are white and slightly fringed, but turn blackish when fully mature. Color brownish and mottled, with the edges remaining whitish, blackish when fully mature. Lawnmower's mushroom2, photograph by David Carmean. Panaeolina foenisecii is the type species of the Panaeolina genus, which contains very few species. & Broome) Sacc. Mrs. Y. also gave the writer a personal account of some of her symptoms, essentially the same as those here narrated. Psilocybe cubensis Here we have one of the most well-known psychoactive mushrooms in the world, in part because it's so widely cultivated. You can generally find them if you put the effort in to look, though they seem to fruit most abundantly after rain, and seem to prefer well watered well . How to tell the difference between liberty caps and lookalikes like panaeolus? There has been some promising data produced with one study showing that all 19 participants had reduced depressive symptoms, one week after treatment with psilocybin, and 47% met the criteria response, five weeks post-treatment [2.]. PLeurocystidia not found. Toxins: Carefully identified lawnmower's mushrooms in the Pacific northwest did not contain detectable levels of the hallucinogen psilocybin8. British Columbia: 604-682-5050 or 1-800-567-8911. Panaeolus cinctulus is a cosmopolitan species that grows solitary to gregarious to cespitose (densely clumped) on compost piles, well-fertilized lawns and gardens, and, rarely, directly on horse dung. Panaeolus albovelutinus. It grows from Spring to Fall seasons. Foragers are in for a treat: P. cinctulus season runs from spring to early fall, making it a popular magic mushroom to hunt for over the summer months. Spores are somewhat smaller (7.5 to 10.5 (13) x 4.5 to 6.5 (7) m in two toxic species, Galerina marginata and Conocybe filaris compared with the lawnmower's mushroom. Farinaceous (like flour) when fresh, saliferous (salty) when dried. Smooth, sticky when wet, older specimens are brittle. Colour is whitish to tan, darker where handled. Prior to taking ANY supplements you should consult a health care professional. Created: 2015-06-19 17:47:07 CDT (-0500)Last modified: 2022-04-18 22:14:39 CDT (-0500)Viewed: 7073 times, last viewed: 2023-03-03 11:30:18 CST (-0600)Show Log. However, in many national, state, and provincial drug laws, there is a great deal of ambiguity about the legal status of psilocybin mushrooms and the spores of these mushrooms. Panaeolus cinctulus is a cosmopolitan species that grows solitary to gregarious to cespitose (densely clumped) on compost piles, well-fertilized lawns and gardens, and, rarely, directly on horse dung. It has a distinct "belt" around the cap's perimeter. They are known to occur in temperate zones during wet and humid parts of summer. It is also important to take into consideration the legal status of consuming magic mushrooms in the country one resides in. Additionally healing-mushrooms.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. article is very informative and leaves me with no unanswered questions. Panaeolus subbalteatus (newly named, https://mushroomobserver.org/observer/show_observation/207072, https://wildmushroomhunting.org/index.php?/topic/182-, https://ultimate-mushroom.com/poisonous/212-, https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biodiv/mushroom/P_foenisecii.html. I am a cancer patient who just found mushrooms again. The last look-alike is Panaeolus Antillarum. With that being said, if you want to try and find a dose that works for you, check out our general magic mushroom dosage guide. It grows abundantly after rain. Just keep collecting and drying specimens until you have around 3-5grms dry. Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily pictures of this morning's harvest. There have been several people injured from look alikes. In the US, especially common in California, Washington, Ohio, Oregon, Georgia, Utah, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Texas, Florida and Vermont. Picture of dried and bagged harvest from the last three days. This means that if youre used to dosing with P. cubensis, a good starting point for consuming P. cinctulus would be at least the same amount as your preferred P. cubensis dose. There are no reports of a maximum dosage for Panaeolus cyanescens. Farmers of the popular white button mushrooms have used another name for itthe weed Panaeolus. There is a lot of controversy around whether Panaeolus cyanescens is considered toxic or not. The colour is initially light brown, then mottled brown (see Additional Images), then brown. There is no consensus about the correct taxonomic position of fungi in the genera Panaeolus and Panaeolina, which some authorities include in the family Strophariaceae and others in the Bolbitiaceae. (1886), Coprinarius foenisecii (Pers.) Morgan. Thanks to Murills panicked journal article, the name poison panaeolus may have also been used for a number of years. During the early 1900s, these species were referred to as the "weed Panaeolus" because they were commonly found in beds of the commercially grown, grocery-store mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Psilocybin, a tryptamine derivative and the most important toxic component of these mushrooms, enhances serotonin levels in the central nervous system (CNS) [1.]. Symptoms: In North America, lawnmower's mushrooms have been blamed for gastrointestinal upsets or central nervous system symptoms including hallucinations and disorientation9 but it is likely that the mushrooms causing the symptoms were misidentified and other species of small brown mushrooms were responsible for the illness. or somewhat weaker, meaning somebody used to cubes would want a similar or larger dose to achieve the same results. Cheilocystidia 2565 x 7.510 m; cylindric to sublageniform; flexuous; with subclavate to subcapitate apices; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. & Trottcr (1925), Panaeolus pumilus (Murrill) Murrill (1942), Photo 1 - Author: T.Kewin (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported), Photo 2 - Author: Peter de Lange (Public Domain), Photo 3 - Author: Peter de Lange (Public Domain), Photo 4 - Author: Juan Carlos Prez Magaa (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International), Panaeolus cinctulus Mushroom Identification. In the early 1900s, it was even referred to as a weed because it was often found growing in the beds of commercial white button mushrooms and had to be picked out by hand before the mushrooms could be sold. But so are some poisonous species, including the Deadly Galerina (Galerina marginata). It has a jet-black spore print. I remember getting interesting looks from people as I walked the suburbs raptly scanning people's lawns. Cheilocystidia variable in form, mostly pear shaped, 14-21 by3-7 microns. The guy ended up submitting a picture, and it looks exactly like the mushrooms that grow everywhere in my lawn during the summer. Unfortunately, research has been hampered by the laws against psilocybin use. However, like other psilocybin-containing mushroom species, the alkaloid content of P. cinctulus may vary between both young and old mushrooms, as well as between mushrooms picked in different regions. Most other psilocybin-containing mushrooms are LBMs, as are some culinary species, such as Enokitake and some honey mushrooms (like Armillaria Mellea). The cap surface is matte, not shiny. J.Schrt. Some were thought to be psychoactive but turned out not to be and I've been told you gotta basically double your dose compared to cubes but, it depends on the environment where they grew out of. Attachment adnate to uncinate, close, slightly swollen in the centre, and with three tiers of intermediate gills inserted. Almost all mushrooms in the genus Panaeolus have this same black spore print, except for the dark brown spores of Panaeolus foenisecii. Underneath the cap, the densely packed gills are attached to the stem either narrowly (adnexed) or broadly (adnexed). If the spore print is rusty brown or cinnamon brown and if a ring is present around the stem, the mushroom may be one of the Galerina or Conocybe species that contain potent, liver-destroying amatoxins. In Denver, Panaeolina foenisecii are claimed to be psychoactive, there are several cases in which a parent allowed a child to play in the lawn, and later found the child eating mushrooms and hallucinating, there are actually a few of these cases, however the mushroom identified in all cases was Panaeolina foenisecii. There is usually, but not always, a ring partway up. The outer band is usually darker. Great to see you're doing quite a bit of research on these OP! Your email address will not be published. . Note: Cultivating and foraging psilocybin mushrooms remains illegal in many places around the world. entheogenic-gnosis attached the following image(s): Living in a similar high desert climate, I was wondering if you could expound a bit on the habitat, elevation, and temperature/season which prompt fruiting of these mushrooms in the Denver area? The flesh is cinnamon-brown to cream-colored and thin. I appreciate your blog and hope you could add a more inclusive blog with this same format! I personally differentiate the two in literature by referring to the Psilocybe version as Blue Meanie Cubensis. Panaeolus cinctulus The pansor mottlegillsare not all psychoactive, but some in the group are very potent. It grows abundantly after rain. Panaeolus cinctulus, syn. The Dung Roundhead, has a transient ring and leaves a brown spore print. Do not use any information in this article to go to prison. Four hours later, an excellent result. Edible and Poisonous . Geographical distribution: Common, especially in well-watered lawns in summer, throughout North America and Europe. Like other psychedelic mushrooms, P. cinctulus have been found to contain psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin. Small brown mushroom are difficult to identify. Luckily P. cinctulus also grows in the wild on compost piles, lawns that are rich in fertilizer, and very occasionally on the dung of animals such as horses. Found them in , Panaeolina foenisecii Mushrooms Up! Despite its alarming history and association with so-called poisonings no human deaths have ever been recorded from this mushroom. Spores: Somewhat variable. Read: Mushroom Dosage: What Is the Right Amount of Shrooms? Hahaha glad you're flying under the radar gnosis. So I think it's basically time to just come out of the closet and go, "You know what, I'm stoned, and I'm proud." The few descriptions of accidental P. cinctulus ingestion result in symptoms that on the surface appear to be consistent with a magic mushroom experience. Poison Control: Panaeolus cinctulus (Bolton) Britzelm. Some scientists consider psilocybin to produce madness or schizophrenia-like conditions, whilst others were interested in the creative effects and alterations to cognitive behaviors and spiritual or mystical experiences this substance gave people. Its best to proceed with caution when trying out any new species of psychedelic mushroom for the first time, and understand that when it comes to finding a comfortable dosage, a few weaker dose-finding trips might be preferable to one thats far too intense. [i] (n.d.). Convex to campanulate, then broadly convex, finally expanding to nearly plane with a broad umbo. Compost pile/Dung Indicator species: Panaeolus antillarum Panaeolus semiovatus Panaeolus sphinctrinus Panaeolus campanulatus Coprinoid species Grass Species Indicators: With that being said, if you want to try and find a dose that works for you, check out our general magic mushroom dosage guide. So I went out this morning and found quite a few mushrooms in the yard. Dark brown to purple-brown or nearly black. Due to its wide distribution, the origins of this mushroom are uncertaina factor which may have been further confused by commercial edible mushroom cultivators shipping spawn contaminated with P. cinctulus around the world. The most common serious unpleasant effect is anxiety, although many people find that psilocybin use actually alleviates anxiety. [10] The possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms, including P.cinctulus, is therefore prohibited by extension. Always check the laws in your region before proceeding. Four hours later, an excellent result. Baeocystin produces similar, if not almost exactly the same effects of psilocin. Other names: Mower's Mushroom, Haymaker, Brown Hay Mushroom. According to American naturalist and mycologist David Arora, Panaeolus cinctulus is the most common psilocybin mushroom in California. P.cinctulus specifically is often said to give a happier trip than the more familiar (to many) Psilocybe cubensis, thanks to a slightly different chemical profile, although there are very few published trip reports for this species[ii]. Compared to P. cinctulus this mushroom also doesnt show as obvious a color change depending on its moisture content. First Im hearing this ty all so much, Where can you get spores? P.cinctulus is generally said to be either similar to Psilocybe cubensis or somewhat weaker, meaning somebody used to cubes would want a similar or larger dose to achieve the same results. They are macroscopically similar mushrooms that were once thought to be the same. [3], The descriptor subbalteatus comes from the Latin words sub ('somewhat') and balteat ('girdled'), a reference to the dark outer band of the cap.[4]. This article in its present form has been read by Mr. W. and approved by him. Like other psychedelic mushrooms, P. cinctulus have been found to contain psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin. Beug, M. W., Shaw, M. & Cochran, K. W. Thirty-plus years of mushroom poisoning: Summary of the approximately 2,000 reports in the NAMA case registry. Secure your supply with DoubleBlind! Spores 1318 x 710 m; subamygdaliform; with a large pore (2 m); verrucose; reddish brown and uniguttulate in KOH; dextrinoid. Turns out some of these aren't just foes. These mushrooms have been consumed for approximately 3000 years, originally dating back to Mexico, and are still used by natives in ceremonies, including religious ceremonies, and for healing purposes. Gills: Broadly to narrowly attached, moderately close. The base sometimes bruises blue.Spores: EllipsoidSpore color: BlackEdibility: PsychoactiveHabitat: Eats and fruits from dung, compost, and rotting grass.Range: Almost world-wide. Cup: None. The gills start cream-colored in young specimens but mature through brown to sooty black as the spores develop. A virtual temple for exploring the fascinating world of mushrooms and their A thick, darker band runs around the outer margin of the cap.Gills: Brownish with white edges, becoming blackish with age. You can also try out our magic mushroom dosage calculator where you can choose between six dosage levels, including microdose and heroic dose. (1887)Panaeolus alveolatus Peck (1902)Panaeolus acidus Sumstine (1905) Campanularius semiglobatus Murrill (1911)Panaeolus semiglobatus (Murrill) Sacc. Shroomery, [ii] Ghetto_Chem (2015). Found in all 50 states and in most countries. Its pretty 'normal' to be more preoccupied with your phone than your immediate surroundings these days. Tubaria furfuracea is similar to Panaeolus cyanescens, but it is not poisonous; although it is hygrophanous like Panaeolus cyanescens, it grows in woodchips and not dung; they are also more delicate and not as bendy as Panaeolus cyanescens; they also have a spore print that is light orange or brown. The known benefits of P. cinctulus all stem from the fact that it contains psilocybin, a powerful and relatively safe psychoactive substance. Usually larger with veil remnants on edge of cap or stalk. Bulk substrates typically include some horse manure or straw to mimic the natural environment where P. cinctulus are typically found. However, they can be distinguished by their black spores. From what I understand, pans are weak compared to, say cubes or woodlovers, with strong body load, and some prefer NOT to eat them. Panaeolina, the genus name of this little brown mushroom, suggests that this species has similarities with those in the genus Panaeolus. Tea is much more pleasant Tom. 610 cm long; 1.53 mm thick; more or less equal, or tapering slightly toward the base; when fresh and young often finely ridged with longitudinal lines of whitish flocculence, but soon becoming bald; white when young, becoming whitish toward the top and brownish to brown below; fragile; hollowing; basal mycelium white. Are there other magic mushrooms that have the word blue in the common name? The Panaeolus subbalteatus / cinctulus contains approximately 0,7% psilocybin and 0,46% baeocystin along with large amounts of serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan. I have no idea what it is nor how to prepare it. Baeocystin is a N-demethylated derivative of psilocybin, and a phosphorylated derivative of 4-HO-NMT (4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine). [citation needed], Last edited on 26 November 2022, at 18:53, "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion", "List of psychotropic substances under international control", "What is serotonin? And this is the great unspoken truth of American Creativity. Popularmethods of consumption for Panaeolus Cyanescens include Lemon TekandShroom Tea. Beug, M. W. & Bigwood, J. Psilocybin and psilocin levels in 20 species from 7 genera of wild mushrooms in the Pacific northwest, USA. Unlike most Psilocybe species which have a purplish-brown spore print, the spores of P. cinctulus collect to form a jet black print. *By the way I think they are Panaeolus Cinctulus. Mycologists have known about Panaeolus cinctulus mushroom for some timebut not always by the same name. French botanist and mycologist Ren Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (1878-1949) transferred the Brown Mottlegill to its present genus in 1933. Reddish beneath minute whitish fibrils, darkening downwards. October 12, 2019 at 10:50 am. This continues to be an exciting area of research with psychoactive substances being explored for use in psychiatry. The spores ripen in patches and the dark brown colour of the ripest ones causes the mottling. When wet, the surface is completely brown or orange brown. Foragers may find these mushrooms growing alone or in large patches, either as many single mushrooms or in little clumps. Panaeolus albidocinereus. Covered with a glass. Given this variation in potency, some have found that a psychedelic experience brought on by a particularly strong batch of P. cinctulus might be more comparable to trip on a weaker variety of P. cubensis. However, potency can vary from specimen to specimen, plus human sensitivity also varies. The look-alike and indicator species vary from habitat to habitat so you wont have the same look-alikes or indicator mushrooms on a lawn as you will on a compost pile. Basidia 2- and 4-spored. According to Murils report, a local field mushroom cultivator, along with four members of her household had eaten what we now know to be P. cinctulus by mistake with nearly fatal results. Thinking he had discovered a new poisonous mushroom, Murrill named this species Panaeolus venenosus (derived from the Latin word for poison), and recommended an immediate warning be sent out that poisonous mushrooms may apparently develop from commercial spawn and that growers must be careful to eat or sell from their mushroom beds only the common mushroom with white cap and pink gills, Agaricus campester [sic].. Psilocybin and psilocin are listed as Class A (United Kingdom) or Schedule I (US) drugs under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. I know you'd need at least 600x magnification, which I have, but I havent gotten much further than that. One other obvious difference between fungi in these two genera can be seen provided you have access to a high-powered microscope: you will see that the spores of Panaeolus fungi are smooth while those of Panaeolinus are minutely roughened. Panaeolus cyanescens produces serotonin and tryptophan in addition to the psychoactive compounds. The species is especially fond of horse dung and appears almost wherever horses do, having spread around the world. P.cinctulus is a little brown mushroom or LBM, a member of a large group of mostly unrelated non-descript species that are very easy to mix up.
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